Breakdown of Fulfillment in 70 AD:

"They will fall by the edge of the sword"

This refers to the massive slaughter during the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD. According to Josephus, over a million Jews were killed, many by the sword.

"And will be led captive into all the nations"

After the destruction, hundreds of thousands of Jews were taken captive, sold into slavery, or scattered throughout the Roman Empire. This directly fulfills the prophecy of Jewish dispersion.

"Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles"

From 70 AD onward, Jerusalem was dominated and desecrated by Gentile powers, first the Romans, then later other nations. This trampling marked the end of the Old Covenant nation.

"Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled"

This phrase refers to the appointed time during which the Gentiles would have authority and dominance. That period began with the fall of Jerusalem and was fulfilled when judgment was complete, and the kingdom was fully handed to Christ and His saints (Daniel 7:27, Luke 21:31-32).

Additional Support:

Matthew 21:43 confirms the kingdom was taken from the Jews and given to a new people.

Luke 21:32: "Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all things take place." Jesus was clear about the first-century time frame.

Conclusion:

Luke 21:24 is not a future event. It was completely fulfilled in 70 AD, during the destruction of Jerusalem, and the following dispersion and Gentile domination, just as Jesus prophesied.